Which defense mechanism involves pretending that something that is true is not true?

• A. Denial
• B. Repression
• C. Projection
• D. Rationalization

Answer: (A)

Refusing to accept an uncomfortable truth is the core idea here. Denial is a defense mechanism that helps reduce anxiety by acting as if the reality isn’t there, even when the truth is obvious. For example, someone told they have a serious illness might continue as if nothing has changed, skip medical care, or act as if the diagnosis doesn’t matter. This active negation of the truth is what defines denial.

Repression involves pushing distressing thoughts out of conscious awareness rather than directly denying the fact. Projection peers at others to bear one's own unacceptable feelings. Rationalization creates excuses to justify the behavior or feelings instead of facing them. Denial uniquely centers on refusing to acknowledge what is true, rather than simply forgetting it, blaming others, or explaining it away.