Which is characteristic of the Working stage in Yalom's model?

• A. Cohesion
• B. Termination
• C. Orientation
• D. Conflict

Answer: (A)

In Yalom's model, groups move from Orientation to Conflict and then into the Working stage, where real progress happens. The defining feature here is cohesion: members feel safe, connected, and trusting of one another, which allows them to engage openly and take on deeper work. With that sense of belonging, they disclose more honestly, give and receive constructive feedback, and collaborate to address tasks or problems. This cohesive atmosphere supports effective interpersonal exploration and productive group outcomes.

Why the other stages don’t fit as the best descriptor: Orientation is about establishing safety, rules, and introductions; Conflict involves tension and resistance as roles and power dynamics surface; Termination focuses on closure and reflection at the end of the group. The presence of strong cohesion that enables task-focused progress is what characterizes the Working stage.